Biochemistry And Clinical Pathology

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide in plants?
(a) Glycogen (b) Starch
(c) Cellulose (d) Lactose

Fatty acids with one or more double bonds are classified as:
(a) Saturated (b) Monosaturated
(c) Polyunsaturated (d) Unsaturated

Which environmental factor typically causes irreversible denaturation of enzymes at extreme levels?
(a) Substrate concentration (b) Enzyme concentration
(c) pH (d) Cofactor presence

Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to ____ organisms.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of ____.

Hemoglobin is an example of a protein with a ____ (level of organization) structure.

Lipoproteins are responsible for transporting _______ in the blood.

The genetic information in DNA is primarily encoded by the sequence of its _______.

Vitamin C is a _______ soluble vitamin.

Beta-oxidation is the metabolic pathway by which _______ are broken down to generate Acetyl-CoA.

Name three major biomolecules found in a cell.

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

What type of bond primarily stabilizes the secondary structure of a protein?

Name a common qualitative test used to detect the presence of proteins.

Name two crucial functions of cholesterol in the human body.

What are the three main components that make up a nucleotide?

What well-known model describes the specificity of enzyme-substrate binding?

Deficiency of Vitamin K can impair which vital bodily process?

What is the main energy-carrying molecule produced during the TCA cycle?

Identify two essential functions of Sodium (Na+) in the body.

Define monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, providing two examples for each.

Classify amino acids based on their chemical nature.

Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, providing an example for each.

Briefly explain the components of a nucleoside and a nucleotide with the help of an example for each.

Briefly describe the classification of vitamins and their general role as coenzymes.

Explain the general reactions of amino acids: transamination and deamination, highlighting their significance in amino acid metabolism.

Briefly describe the Electron Transport Chain and its role in oxidative phosphorylation.

Explain the functions of water in the body and briefly describe the concept of water balance.

Classify minerals based on their dietary requirements. For any two minerals, state their primary function and one deficiency disease.

Describe the role of lymphocytes and platelets in health and disease.

What is a lipid profile test? List its main components and explain their clinical significance.

How do glucose, fructose, and galactose lead to energy production in our cells?

Why are proteins important for our body? Explain the types of amino acids based on their chemical nature.

Classify lipids with examples. Detail the structure, composition, and functions of different types of lipoproteins in the body, emphasizing their clinical significance.

Classify vitamins based on their solubility. Choose one fat-soluble vitamin and one water-soluble vitamin, and for each, describe its sources, coenzyme form (if available), major functions, and common deficiency diseases.

Describe the Watson and Crick model of DNA structure in detail, including its key features and the types of bonds involved. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA based on their structure and primary functions.

Explain the physiological functions of the liver and kidneys. Describe the purpose of routinely performed Liver Function Tests (LFTs) and Kidney Function Tests (KFTs).

How do blood and urine tests help in finding diseases?